Medieval Church In Borgund, Norway - Norwegian Stave Church ~ Latest News

find submissions from "example.com". url:text. This is Heddal church, not Borgund. Thanks to u/CaptainPsychopath who pointed it out! That's not the Borgund Stave Church, that's Heddal Stave Church. Neither of which are anywhere close to Nord-Trøndelag.Among the roughly 1,300 medieval stave churches indexed, 28 are preserved in Norway today. Some of them are very large, such as Borgund, Hopperstad or Heddal churches, whereas Criterion (i): The Urnes Stave Church is an outstanding example of traditional Scandinavian wooden architecture.Norway's stave churches are unique. A particularly fine example is that in the village of Borgund dating from around 1150. This interaction between structure, material, texture and viewer is a complex one. Much daylighting commentary is restricted to an assessment of average daylight factor...Borgund Stave Church, Borgund Lærdal. 2,656 likes · 15 talking about this. Borgund stavechurch was built in 1180. It is Norway's most authentic stave... See more of Borgund Stave Church on Facebook.Introduction. Borgund Stave Church, Norway. The Borgund Stave Church is one of Europes oldest well-preserved constructions of its kind. Документы, похожие на «Borgund Stave Church». Карусель назад Следующее в карусели.

Urnes Stave Church - UNESCO World Heritage Centre

Erla Bergendahl Hohler has written: 'Norwegian stave church sculpture' -- subject(s): Catalogs, Church decoration and ornament, Medieval Decoration There are five staves in 'A Christmas Carol' to mimic the fact that it is a Carol. The stave titles are below... Stave I/Stave 1=Marley's Ghost Stave...Borgund Stave Church (Norwegian: Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in the village of Borgund in the municipality of Lærdal in Sogn Borgund Stave Church was built sometime between 1180 and 1250 AD with later additions and restorations. Its walls are formed by vertical wooden...Borgund Stave Church is the best preserved Stave Church of all the 28 still remaining in Norway. The Stave Church in Heddal, just outside of Notodden, is the largest in Norway and was built during the early 13th century. It's still in use and there are regularly weddings held here during summer...A stave church is a medieval church made from wood. The 12th century Kaupanger Stave Church has been in continuous use for more than 800 years, which makes it a great example of local culture, history Arguably one of the best preserved stave churches in Norway is Borgund Stave Church.

The Daylighting of the Stave Church of Borgund

The Borgund Stave Church (also known as the Borgund stavkirke) was first built around 1180 and dedicated to Andrew the Apostle. Then came Olaf II Haraldsson (c. 995 - c. 1030), who is a big part of the reason why there even are churches in Norway today.Borgund Stave Church is a stave church located in the village of Borgund in the municipality of Lærdal in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. Borgund Stave Church Description. Stave churches were once common in northern Europe. In Norway alone, it was thought about 1000 were built; recent...This is one of Norway's stave churches. Stave churches are typically some 8m (26ft) tall made entirely from wood without a single nail. They are the most elaborate type of wooden construction found in northern Europe. Borgund's stave church was built over 800 years ago.Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Borgund, Lærdal, Norway. Stave church — A stave church is a medieval wooden church with a post and beam construction related to timber framing.The Norwegian stave churches (or singularly known in Norwegian as 'stavkirke') are doubtlessly some of the most illustrative examples of Norway's history and culture that date back to the Middle This is a replica of the original Borgund stave church. Documentation sources and external links

Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the stave church in Lærdal, Norway. For other uses, see Borgund Church (disambiguation). Borgund Stave ChurchBorgund stavkyrkjeView of the churchBorgund Stave ChurchLocation of the churchBorgund Stave ChurchBorgund Stave Church (Norway)61°02′50″N 7°48′44″E / 61.0472°N 07.8122°ECoordinates: 61°02′50″N 7°48′44″E / 61.0472°N 07.8122°ELocationLærdal Municipality,VestlandNationNorwayDenominationChurch of NorwayChurchmanshipEvangelical LutheranWebsitewww.stavechurch.com/en/borgundHistoryStatusFormer parish churchFoundedc. 1200ArchitectureFunctional statusMuseumArchitectural sortStave churchCompletedc. 1200Closed1868SpecificationsMaterialsWoodAdministrationParishLærdalDeanerySogn prostiDioceseBjørgvinNorwegian Cultural Heritage SiteTypeChurchStatusAutomatically listedID83933

Borgund Stave Church (Norwegian: Borgund stavkyrkje) is a former parish church of the Church of Norway in Lærdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The outdated stave church is situated in the village of Borgund. It was the church for the Lærdal parish (which is section of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin) till 1868 when it was closed and was a museum. The brown, wood church used to be built in a stave church style around the year 1200. It is labeled as a triple-nave stave church of the Sogn-type. No longer continuously used for church functions, it is now a museum run by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments. It was changed by the "new" Borgund Church in 1868.[1][2]

Construction

Picture from the paintings "Norge fremstillet i Tegninger" from 1848 by Christian Tønsberg

Borgund Stave Church was once built sometime between 1180 and 1250 AD with later additions and restorations. Its walls are shaped through vertical picket forums, or staves, therefore the identify "stave church." The 4 corner posts are attached to one another by flooring sills, resting on a stone foundation.[3] The intervening staves rise from the ground sills; every is tongued and grooved, to interlock with its neighbours and shape a strong wall.[4]

Borgund is built on a basilica plan, with reduced aspect aisles, and an added chancel and apse.[5] It has a raised central nave demarcated on 4 facets through an arcade. An ambulatory runs round this platform and into the chancel and apse, each added in the 14th century. An additional ambulatory, in the shape of a porch, runs around the exterior of the development, sheltered beneath the overhanging shingled roof. The flooring plan of this church resembles that of a central plan, double-shelled Greek go with an apse connected to 1 finish in place of the fourth arm. The entries to the church are in the three hands of the almost-cross.

Structurally, the development has been described as a "cube within a cube", each independent of the different. The interior "cube" is formed by steady columns that upward thrust from floor level to toughen the roof. The best of the arcade is shaped through arched buttresses, knee jointed to the columns. Above the arcade, the columns are connected through cross-shaped, diagonal trusses, frequently dubbed "Saint Andrew's crosses"; those raise arched supports that offer the visual identical of a "second story". While not a practical gallery, this is reminiscent of fresh second tale galleries of massive stone churches in other places in Europe. Smaller beams operating between these higher supporting columns lend a hand clamp the whole lot firmly in combination. The weight of the roof is thus supported by buttresses and columns, combating downward and outward thrust on the stave walls.[6][7]

The roof beams are supported by steeply angled scissor trusses that form an X form with a slim top span and a broader backside span, tied by way of a bottom truss to stop cave in. Additional give a boost to is given by way of a truss that cuts throughout the X, underneath the crossing level but above the backside truss. The roof is steeply pitched, boarded horizontally and clad with shingles. The authentic outer roof would were weatherproofed with boards laid lengthwise, relatively than shingles. In later years wood shingles was extra not unusual.[8] Scissor beam roof construction is standard of maximum stave churches.[9]

Borgund has tiered, overhanging roofs, crowned with a tower. On the gables of the roof, there are 4 carved dragon heads, swooping from the carved roof ridge crests,[10] recalling the carved dragon heads discovered on the prows of Norse ships. Similar gable heads additionally seem on small bronze space formed reliquaries common in Norway in this period.[10] Borgund's current dragon heads most likely date from the 18th century,[10] then again original dragon heads final on previous buildings, comparable to Lom Stave Church and close by Urnes Stave Church, the oldest nonetheless extant stave church, additionally in the Sogn district, suggest that there most probably would had been identical dragon heads there at one time.[11] Borgund is one of the only church buildings to still have preserved its ridge crests, carved with openwork vine and vegetal repeating designs.[10] The dragons on most sensible of the church have been regularly used as a sort of drainage.

Most of the inside fittings had been got rid of. There is little in the construction, apart from the row of benches that are put in alongside the wall within the church in the ambulatory outdoor of the arcade and raised platform, a soapstone font, an altar (with Seventeenth-century altarpiece), a 16th-century lectern, and a 16th-century cupboard for storing altar vessels. After the Reformation, when the church was once converted for Protestant worship, pews, a pulpit and other standard church furnishings have been included, then again these had been got rid of since the building has come below the coverage of the Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). There would have been more paintings in the development, most likely in the shape of statues and crucifixes, as stay in a few other churches, but these at the moment are misplaced.

Interior

Drawing of Borgund stave church via G. A. Bull

The inner of the church is characterised by way of the twelve free-standing columns that improve the nave's increased central house. On the lengthy aspect of the church there is a double interval between the 2d and third rods, however with a 1/2 rod resting on the lower bracing beam, the pliers, which runs in between. The double interval provides unfastened get entry to from the south portal to the church's central compartment, which would in a different way were obstructed through the heart bar. The most sensible of the poles is finished with gruesome, carved human and animal mask. The rods are secured with braces in the shape of Andrew's crosses with a solar - fashioned middle and carved leaf shapes alongside the fingers. The crosses also reappear as much less ornate braces along the church walls. On the north and south aspects of the nave, there are a complete of 8 windows that permit in small amounts of mild, and at the most sensible of the nave's west gable is a window of more recent date - more than likely from pre-Reformation instances, however a few years after the church was once constructed. On the south wall of the nave, the inauguration crosses are still on the within of the wall. The inside choir walls have engraved figures and runes that almost certainly date from the Middle Ages.

Interior, showing arcade, supporting columns, "Saint Andrew's crosses" and gallery arches above

The medieval interior of the stave church is nearly untouched. However, the cross from the Middle Ages used to be removed after the Reformation. The original wooden flooring and the benches that run alongside the partitions of the nave are largely preserved, together with a medieval stone altar and a box-shaped baptismal font in soapstone. The pulpit in the church is from the period 1550–1570 and the altarpiece dates from 1654, while the body around the tablet is dated to 1620.[12] The portray on the altarpiece presentations the crucifixion in the middle, flanked by the Virgin Mary on the left and John the Baptist on the right. In the tympanum box, a white dove hovers on a blue background. Below the picture is an inscription with golden letters on a black background. In the church, a sacrament from the duration 1550–1570 in the similar taste as the pulpit is also preserved. During the restoration of the church, performed in the early 1870s with architect Christian Christie at the helm, benches and a gallery with seating on the 2d ground have been got rid of. Several home windows, including two massive windows that had been installed on the north and south aspects in the late Seventeenth and early 18th centuries, in addition to a ceiling over the chancel, were additionally removed. The goal used to be to go back the church to pre-Reformation status. Parts of the within of the church show signs of having been painted, which will have to were finished after the Reformation; this paint was once additionally got rid of as part of the recovery.[13]

An area story tells that when upon a time there was a stuffed reindeer within the church, shot during a mass. The antlers of the animal remained in the church when the animal was once got rid of. Images from the 1990s display that the antlers held on the lower, east-facing pliers in the church,[14] but how much of the tale is true and where the antlers have taken the street in retrospect is not known. A travelogue from 1668 confirms the story, no less than to some extent, as it states that the animal was once shot all over a sermon "when it marched like a wizard in front of the other animal carcasses".[15]

Bell

Borgund Stave Church Floorplan of the church, depicting the decrease frame

The church has a foundry with a bell from the Middle Ages, constructed in the center of the 13th century, which is the most effective final free-standing bell tower in stavework in Norway lately.[16] The foundry pool was once probably at the start open, but was lately covered. This is shown by the incontrovertible fact that the accounts point out that the bell tower was once given a new door round the 12 months 1700. This cladding used to be later removed, judging by way of pictures most likely sometime between the Twenties and Nineteen Forties, and the foundry used to be left open for a very long time. To maintain the interior, new walls had been built on the outside of the stave in the Nineties.[13] Today, the church has relatively new bells, while one of the medieval bells is on show in the new Borgund church subsequent door.

Dragon

One of the four dragon heads that embellish the church's ridges

According to Snorre Sturlason's works, Sogn is said to had been Christianized as early as 997, nearly two hundred years prior to the church was once based, but a number of researchers consider that the inhabitants frequently dwelt on the Norse gods and stored to pagan tradition and faith smartly into Christian instances. In the stave church buildings, due to this fact, a host of symbols with a pre-Christian background will have been used to facilitate the transition to Christianity, despite the fact that these symbols on occasion went in spite of the Christian faith.[17] At Borgund Stave Church, the four outer dragon heads are perhaps the clearest and most famed of all the symbols, aside from the crosses, and as on the Viking ships, they are going to had been used to keep away evil spirits that threatened the church construction.[17] At the church, the dragon heads are placed on the ridge ridges on the nave and the roof rider's decrease roof ledge. They can probably be seen in the context of launchers in cathedrals similar to Notre-Dame in Paris, as some researchers imagine that those too are supposed to deter evil spirits, however this is a debatable subject for which there is no concrete evidence. Among different things, Bugge puts the dragon heads in contrast to, and now not in connection with, such figures.[17] Some imagine that pagan traditions originating from the dragon parts are an unreliable clarification; Anker refers, amongst different things, to a number of preserved reliquaries from each the Nordic nations and the continent which might be designed as church buildings with dragon heads on the ridge ridges.[18]

On the lower aspect panel of the roof rider we discover 4 circular cutouts. The carvings are very weather-beaten tarred and thus tricky to decipher, and there is confrontation about what they symbolize. Some imagine they constitute the four evangelists, most certainly rendered as an eagle, an ox, a lion and a human. Art historian Roar Hauglid claims, then again, that the carvings show "dragons that extend their heads over to the neighboring field's dragon and bite into it", and points out the similarity to identical carvings at Høre Stave Church.[19]

The church's west portal, the nave's primary front, is surrounded via a larger carving with dragons biting each and every different in the neck and tail. At the backside of the half-columns that flank the front door, on the two inside corners of the carving, we discover two dragon heads that spew robust vine stalks that wind upwards and braid into the dragons above. The carving has strikingly similarities with the west portal of Ål Stave Church, which also has kites in a band braiding development, and it follows the usual composition in the Sogn-Valdres portals, a bigger group of portals with very clear similarities. As Bugge writes, Christian authority will have come to terms with such pagan and "wild scenes" in the church development because the rift might be interpreted as a combat between good and evil, in line with Christianity; in Christian medieval art, the dragon was once incessantly used as an emblem of the devil himself. Furthermore, Bugge issues out that the carvings most probably had a protective price, corresponding to the dragon heads on the church roof.[17]

Runic inscriptions

Several runic inscriptions are found on the walls of the Church's west portal. One reads: Thor wrote those runes in the night time at the St. Olav's Mass. Another reads "Ave Maria".

Management

A brand new Borgund Church used to be built in 1868 proper next to the previous church, and the previous church has now not been in unusual use since that 12 months. Borgund Stave Church was once bought by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments in 1877. The first guidebook in English for the stave church used to be revealed in 1898.

Legacy

The church served as the inspiring example for the reconstruction of the Fantoft Stave Church in Fana, Bergen, in 1883 and for its rebuilding in 1997. The Gustav Adolf Stave Church in Hahnenklee, Germany, built in 1908, is modeled on the Borgund church. Three replicas exist in the United States, one at Chapel in the Hills, Rapid City, South Dakota,[20] some other in Lyme, Connecticut,[21] and the 3rd on Washington Island, Wisconsin.[22]

Gallery

The image is taken from the National Library's image assortment

Picture taken from a e book edited by way of J. C. C. Dahl, 1837

Picture taken in the periode 1880 - 1890

Stavkirken, Borgund, Martinus Rørbye, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, København, 1833

Borgund Stave Church in Lærdalen

Lion on arch ornament

Portal in column

Borgund Stave Church, the "new" Borgund Church, and the customer middle in the again

Further read

In English Hauglid, Roar; trans. R. I. Christophersen (1970). Norwegian Stave Churches. Oslo: Dreyers Forlag. Hohler, Erla Bergendahl (1999). Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture. I. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. ISBN 978-82-00-12748-2.In Norwegian Aaraas, Margrethe Henden; Djupedal, Torkjell; Vengen, Sigurd og Førsund, Finn Borgen (2000). Hopperstad stavkyrkje – På kyrkjeferd i Sogn og Fjordane. Bind 2. Sogn og Fjordane fylkeskommune. s. 288–295, ISBN 82-91722-14-5. Anker, Peter (1997). Stavkirkene: Deres egenart og historie. Oslo: J.W. Cappelens forlag. ISBN 82-02-15978-4. Anker, Leif og Havran, Jiri (2005). De norske stavkirkene. Oslo: ARFO. ISBN 82-91399-27-1. Bakken, Kristin (purple.); Anker, Leif; Nyhamar, Anne og Mehlum, Sjur (2016). Bevaring av stavkirkene: Håndverk og forskning. Oslo: Pax Forlag. ISBN 978-82-530-3875-9. Blindheim, Martin (2004). Gothic Painted Wooden Sculpture in Norway 1220–1350. Oslo: Messel forlag. ISBN 82-7631-072-9. Bugge, Gunnar (1981). Stavkirkene i Norge. Oslo. ISBN 82-09-01890-6. Bugge, Gunnar og Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1994). Stavkirker. Oslo: Grøndahl Dreyer. ISBN 82-504-2072-1. Christie, Håkon (1978). «Da Fortidsminnesmerkeforeningen reddet stavkirkene», Fortidsminneforeningens årbok 1978, s.43–62 Hauglid, Roar (1973). Norske stavkirker: Dekor og utstyr. Oslo: Dreyer. ISBN 82-09-01079-4. Hauglid, Roar (1977). Norwegischer stabkirchen. Oslo: Dreyer. ISBN 82-09-00938-9. Lysne, Håkon (2018). Borgund kyrkje One hundred fifty År. Lærdal: Lysne forlag. ISBN 978-82-994525-2-6. Valebrokk, Eva og Thiis-Evensen, Thomas (1993). Levende fortid: De utrolige stavkirkene. Boksenteret. ISBN 82-7683-024-2. Storsletten, Ola (1995). Borgund stavkirke. Hagen Offset AS.

References

Note: Several sections of this newsletter had been translated from its Norwegian model. For entire detailed references in Norwegian, see the original version at no:Borgund stavkirke.

^ "Borgund stavkyrkje". Kirkesøk: Kirkebyggdatabasen. Retrieved 2020-01-17. ^ "Oversikt over Nåværende Kirker" (in Norwegian). KirkeKonsulenten.no. Retrieved 2020-01-17. ^ "Borgund Stave Church". Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). Archived from the unique on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. ^ Hauglid (1970), p. 99. ^ Hauglid (1970), p. 32. ^ Hauglid (1970), p. 104. ^ Sheldon, Gwendolyn, "The Origin of the Norwegian Stave Church" at the Third Annual North American Interdisciplinary Conference on Medieval Icelandic Studies, Cornell University, May 2008, pp. 3–4 ^ Hauglid (1970), p. 12. ^ Hauglid (1970) ^ a b c d Hohler (1999), p. 69. ^ Hauglid (1970), p. 13 ^ "Fortidsminneforeningen avdeling Sogn og Fjordane (Borgund stavkirke)". Retrieved 2006-02-23. ^ a b "Borgund stavkyrkje". ^ Anker (1997), s. 71 ^ Storsletten (1995), s. 20 ^ "Borgund stavkyrkje" (en). Fortidsminneforeningen. Retrieved 2020-07-01. ^ a b c d Bugge (1994), s. 48 ^ Anker og Havran (2005), s. 152 ^ Hauglid (1973), s. 267 ^ "History of the Chapel in the Hills". Chapel in the Hills. Retrieved February 27, 2018. ^ "Borgund Stave Church replica Lyme Connecticut". Retrieved March 13, 2018. ^ Blei, Norbert. "Stavkirke". Washington Island. Retrieved 11 November 2020.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Borgund stavkirke.Borgund stave church in Stavkirke.org (in Norwegian) Borgund stave church in Fortidsminneforeningen Fortidsminneforeninga's stave church pages (in Norwegian) (there are also English and German pages) Replica in Rapid City Information about Borgund stave church (in English)vteChurch of Norway church buildings in the Sogn prosti in Vestland county, Norway Aurland Municipality: Bakka Flåm Undredal Vangen Luster Municipality: Dale Fet Fortun Gaupne Old Gaupne Hafslo Joranger Jostedal Nes Solvorn Urnes Veitastrond Lærdal Municipality: Borgund Old Borgund Hauge Tønjum Sogndal Municipality: Fjærland Kaupanger Stedje Ølmheim Kvamsøy Sæle Tjugum Leikanger Vik Municipality: Arnafjord Feios Fresvik Hopperstad Hove Vangsnes Vik Årdal Municipality: Farnes Årdal Authority control GND: 4491486-6 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borgund_Stave_Church&oldid=1016503584"